Sammons (1997) identified 11 key factors of school effectiveness:
| 1. Professional leadership | Firm and purposeful A participative approach |
| 2. Shared vision and goals | Unity of purpose Consistency of practice Collegiality and collaboration |
| 3. A learning environment | An orderly atmosphere An attractive working environment |
| 4. Concentration on teaching/learning | Academic emphasis Focus on achievement |
| 5. Purposeful teaching | Efficient
organization |
| 6. High expectations | Communicating expectations Provide challenges |
| 7. Positive reinforcement | Clear/fair discipline Ongoing feedback |
| 8. Monitoring progress | Monitoring student
performance Evaluating school performance |
| 9. Student rights/responsibilities | Raising student self-esteem Positions of responsibility |
| 10. Home-school partnership | Parental involvement |
| 11. A learning organization | School-based professional development |